Call Sheet 2

After having changed our idea, and deciding on all the final details, we were able to create a call sheet with the individual shots, basic scene and shot summary, dialogue and props, costume etc. This call sheet was a useful guideline to when we had to film, and after we filmed we added some more detail in there about the different shots. So this is the final version of our call sheet.

Call Sheet

Scene/basic Shot Summary	DIALOGUE	CAMERA (shot type, movement, framing)	MISE EN SCENE (location, props, costume, make-up etc.	CAST (note any directions)
Scene 1: A dark screen, where all you can hear are footsteps and then a door opening and closing. Adding sound effects to signify that it opens and closes. The basement then comes to sight, when a red bulb light turns on and flickers. We first see a bulletin board, where a lot of different things are attached such as pictures, locks of hair, calendar, newspaper articles etc.  The killer then all of a sudden comes into the shot and focuses on the different things by lighting at them with the flashlight.  The killer will come by a picture of the house, where we will frame in on the picture of the house and after that cut into the next scene that is an establishing shot of the house from the outside. Signifying that the killer is now outside of her house.	\	Long shot of the room, where the bulletin board is attached on the wall Medium shot when he walks closer to the bulletin board. We are framing the killer so that the audience can’t see his face until right at the end. Point-of-view shot when the killer walks towards the board. Pan from the left to the right to show the entire board. Showing each of the individual props on there by using extreme close-ups.	Location: A basement at one Jonathan’s house. His basement will be covered in plastic and will light in a very dim flickering light. Props: Bulletin board Locks of hair Small bags to put hair in Calendar Map over the house Pictures of the girl Picture of her FB profile Picture of her house Newspaper articles Red Pins Red light bulb Flashlight Plastic Costume: Black hoodie Black gloves Black jeans Black combat boots Mask Make-up: No make-up at all. Only the killer wearing his mask, but his face is not yet shown.	Killer is breathing heavily
Scene 2: The killer is outside of the house. There are point-of-view shots, taken with hand-held footage from behind a tree of bush to signify that he is observing from his perspective. There is then a light that turns on in one of the rooms. Then cutting to the girl in the bathroom, signifying that light turning on was from the bathroom Once in the bathroom, the girl is brushing her hair She is then putting on red nail polish on her nails and some of the nail polish drips onto the table.  There will be a flash forward, created with the use of a match cut. Blood is dripping on the floor running down her legs and landing on the floor in the basement. Signifying that blood will be spilt and showing what will happen to her.  It then cuts back to the bathroom scene, where she is now fixing her hair and tying it up in a ponytail. The second she ties it tighter, there is another flash forward to when her hands are tied with rope down in the basement. Her hands are covered with blood and wounds and are tied really tightly.	\	Establishing shot from the outside of the house. Point-of-view shot from the killer’s perspective, from behind a tree. A master shot of the house. Panning upwards to show how the light in the bathroom turns on. Cut to inside of the house, girl coming into the bathroom and turning on the light. There is then a shot seeing the girl walk into the bathroom from the back and standing in front of the mirror. Creating a close-up, from inside the closet, where the girl is taking the nail polish out from Mid-shot of her closing the closet and walking back towards the table next to the sink to put on the nail polish. Low angle shot that shows how she is observing her finger nails. Close-up on how she puts on some on each nail and then all of a sudden the nail polish drops onto the table. Creating a deep focus on the red nail polish that is signifying blood in our flash forward. Mid-shot from the side, showing how she is brushing her hair. Low angle, looking up on the girl to see how she is putting her hair up. A close-up from the back, the focus on her hair to see how she is pulling it tighter and creating the flash forward where rope is tied around her hands.	Location: Jonathan’s bathroom. Costume: The killer’s costume consisting of the black clothes and the mask. The girl’s costume is a pair of blue jeans and a plain white T-Shirt. We decided to make her clothing very simple, because we are counter typing and a final girl never dresses that girly, but has a very simple and nerdy style. Props: Fake blood Red Nail Polish Rope Wooden chair Brush Hair band Make-up: No make-up at all, except fro the nail polish. Signifying that she is the nerdy clever final girl, who prefers to spend her time on books rather than make-up and clothes.	Girl sighing when she looks at her hair in the mirror.
Scene 3: She walks into her bedroom and grabs her bible to go to church. When holding it up, there is a close-up of it and the shot cross fades to when she is in church praying with her bible in her hands. After a while she gets up and leaves the church and say amen. Outside she gets a false scare, when someone puts a hand on her shoulder. It is however just the pastor who wants to give her back her bible because she forgot it in the church. She immediately calls a friend right after to tell her what just happened. While she does that, the killer comes up behind her and puts a bag over her head. It immediately cuts to black, and we create an audio bridge where the friend is still on the phone, yelling for Casey, the girl.	“Amen” “Haha it’s just me, I just wanted to hand you your bible, you left it inside”. “Thank you” “Hey Claire! Omg I just had the weirdest feeling that I was being watched and then the pastor just scared me because I forgot my bible in church haha”. “Omg that must have been so weird”. “I know, I felt really…” (ahhhhh scream) Audio Bridge  “Casey! Casey are you there? Casey!”	Extreme-close-up on her bible and cross fading into the same extreme close-up when she is in church. Creating an establishing shot of the church to show the calm environment she is in. Focusing on her lips and her silent prayers. Mid-shot when she get’s up to walk out of church. Going back to the establishing shot of the church as she leaves it. Point-of-view shot with hand-held footage from the killer’s perspective to show that he is observing her wherever she goes. Over-the-shoulder shot, when the pastor puts his hand on her shoulder. An extreme close-up on her face to show how scared she got, when someone put his hand on her shoulder. Shot, reverse shot between her and the pastor while they exchange the small dialogue. Mid-shot when she takes her phone out and looks relieved. Dials a number. Extreme close-up on her phone. While she talks into it, there is a focus pull, putting her into shallow focus and the killer sneaking up behind her into deep focus. Bag is pulled over her head and cuts to black.	Location: The church at Limpertsberg in Luxembourg Props: Bible Pastor Phone Bag Costume: Killer’s costume with all the black clothes and his mask, which is finally revealed.	Girl jumping when the pastor puts his hand on her shoulder. Screaming when a bag is put over her head.

Production Schedule: Version 2

15th of January - creating idents

22nd of January - Deciding on exact costume of the girl choosing her exact clothes and make-up (stereotypical girl, wearing pink possibly heels as well)  

23rd of January - Creating the 5 photos that the girl will hold in the "Auchan scene" (taking pictures with the girl and her friends, guy/stalker wearing black in all of them with a mask.

23rd of January - Starting the filming procedure in Bronwen's basement, filming the scene where Olivia is threatened with a knife. Focusing on the mise-en-scene with candles, sheets etc.

2nd of February - Filming the Auchan scene. Focusing on the acting and the costume of Olivia.

5th of February - Working on the editing, using Final Cut, and looking at which shots are missing and if we have a good sound, continuity and shot variety.  

16th + 19th + 20th of February (after holidays) - add title sequence and idents, using Final Cut, finishing editing

The semiotic analysis of our idea

Audiences:

Below you can see a link to an article from box office, that shows which audience went to watch the premier of "The Purge" and "Texas Chainsaw Massacre". You will see that the audience was mainly young adults under 25. And there were around 50%-60% of women and 40-50% males.

http://www.thewrap.com/box-office-how-horror-films-conjuring-win-scaring-young-women-104901/

When reading this article you quickly ask yourself: Why are so many women going to watch a horror movie? You would mainly consider a horror movie to be addressed to a male audience. A very simple explanation for this is that the main protagonist in most horror movies is a woman.

Our film opening will also be with a female main protagonist. Moreover, we looked at bbfc and looked at the rating system. Our film opening would be most likely to be rated at 15. If clicking the link below, you will see that the age rate of 15+ is allowed to include any of the following:

• Strong violence
• Frequent strong language
• Portrays of sexual activity
• Strong verbal references to sex
• Nudity 
• Scenes of violence
• Discriminatory language or behaviour 
• Drug taking 

http://www.bbfc.co.uk/what-classification/15

Due to this age rate our primary audience would be young adults aged between 15 and 25.
Our secondary audience would be the people interested in the horror genre.


Genres:

When watching a movie there is always a main genre e.g. horror in the movie "Scary Movie".
However, there are also other genres that are or can be linked to it. One genre that could for example be linked to "Scary Movie" and also our film opening, is the slasher genre. In this genre, there is a main killer who is nearly always trying to rape or kill young women. One important signifier for the slasher genre, is that the killer will kill the victim with a knife. The knife is phallic, which means that it is a symbol for a sexual assault towards the victim. The term phallic, comes from Freud's psychosexual analysis of the 5 psychosexual stages. (phallic stage is the 3rd stage). It can therefore also be applied to media.

Representation:

For our stereotypes in our film opening, we have Olivia (played by Bronwen), who is portrayed as a very girly girl, who only cares about her friends, make-up and hair. Whereas our killer (played by Jonathan), is a stereotypical killer, where you don't see the face, he is wearing a mask and wants to kill Olivia with a knife.
We chose not to do any counter stereotypes, because horror is a very common genre and these two character's are stereotypes, which are considered to be the normative in society.

Exam Practice 1: Representation of sexuality and race

When analysing the representations of a film, there is a lot of key terminology that should be used to show your understanding but also to support the examples you give.

The term normative is when something is referred or related to the standard stereotype and norm. It is something that the society considers as normal. Let me give you an example. Nearly every Working Title film uses stereotypes what is considered to be the normative. If you pay attention to it, you will notice that Working Title never uses any black actors or protagonists. They also don't have homosexual couples in their movie, because it is still considered to be abnormal in society.

Another term, that is often used is hegemony or hegemonic. This term is quite similar to normative and means that the dominant society maintains it's dominant position through the usual stereotypes.
However, if you challenge the normative representation, it is called counter hegemonic. A very good example of a show that applied counter hegemonic is this clip of the soap opera "Eastenders" from 1986, where you can clearly see how the society, in this case Dot, reacts to the fact that she knows someone who is homosexual.



Another example of a company that challenges the normative representation is Warp. Again, we can use the example of "This is England", where one of the main protagonists is Milky, who is portrayed as a very clever guy.

In society, black people are often portrayed as being stupid. With this social realist genre movie, Shane Meadows wanted to go against society and show that black people are not the way society considers them to be. Due to this, I especially enjoy Warp's movies and their concepts.

Moving to another term that is essential when analysing a movie is the word verisimilitude. This is when you making something look and seem realistic and believable. An example for this would be, if you pass someone a cup of tea and there is nothing in it, verisimilitude will not have been achieved.

BV: Storyboard 2

To finalize our idea, we wrote everything out, scene by scene, along with a quick analysis of the cinematography/mise-en-scene, justifying our choices and linking back to our research of the slasher/horror genre. 
I went onto Word and created a simple storyboard template with 6 squares per page as I thought this would allow enough space to draw the shots. 

Storyboard 2 from Sophie2401

I started by writing a short description of each scene, adding information such as camera angle/movement. I didn't really need to be very detailed as we already have detailed explanations of each scene on the call sheet. 
The drawings were done in pencil and they are not very detailed and are quite sketchy. I think that this doesn't really matter as what's important is to get a good sense of how the scene or shot will look.
As a group, we decided that I should create the story board as I am an art student.

Creating the mask

For our coursework, we decided to create a mask that the stalker could wear. The video is a timelapse of the mask that was designed and painted by Bronwen and Jonathan.




There are always these stereotypical kind of masks. Such as the joker from Batman or this other mask below.

We wanted to include a lot of different elements in our mask, for it to represent the horror genre as good as possible. We included a big scar over the eye, but also the teeth that are very often seen as masks for skeletons.

New Pitch - Summing up the revised idea

After a first practice shoot that we had in the big shopping mall, we discovered that we would have a lot of difficulties filming in there, due to the massive crowds of people and loud noises.
Bronwen and I decided to do our second group pitch, to explain how we changed our entire plot. We were not happy with our original idea after we had tried to do a practice shoot for the Auchan scene in the big supermarket. We discovered that it was really hard to work with sound within a supermarket.
Due to this, Jonathan, Bronwen and I got together and planned the idea step by step by doing a rough storyboard. After that we created a screenplay ad a call sheet.

Final Ident

Below you can see the final version of my ident. For our coursework Jonathan, Bronwen and I will put all three of our idents together to introduce our coursework.
In terms of editing, the program "Adobe Premiere" was used to create this ident.
We got a Pizza during lunchtime and wrote "Pizza Productions" at the bottom of the pizza cart. After that we decided to do a bird's eye-view of the Pizza to focus on the pizza slices being taken away one by one.
Also, I am very fond of pizza and therefore the first idea that came to my mind was to create an ident with it.
Moreover the sound effects of the italian music, the chewing and the burp indicate the origin of the pizza and the satisfaction after you have had one.

The Bechdel Test

The Bechdel Test is a rule that states that a film should always include 2 or more female characters. These women should, during the film, talk about other things then men and also have a name.

This is a short film that will show and give examples of movies don't pass the Bechdel Test.

Idents Ideas

For our coursework we each need to come up with one ident. At the moment, I am looking into creating an ident based on my name or based on the genre of our coursework.

Some possible company names would be:

- Pizza Productions

Our Working Title

For our coursework we brainstormed a lot on different titles for our movie. We have decided that we want to name the movie "Haunting Olivia". The action of our movie is based around a girl named Olivia who is being haunted and kidnapped by someone, which is why we saw this title to be fitting our final cut.

However it is not a final decision and once everything has been filmed we might choose another Working Title name.

Screenplay: Version 1

As the one that created the script for the preliminary exercises of our Micro-Drama, I was assigned the task to create the script for our film opening. Again as a group, we sat down and briefly discussed how much dialogue should take place. Below this text you can see the script.

Below you can see the screenplay:

Script for insanit from Sophie2401

Evaluation - Tyrannosir Swede

After finishing our swede, we screened it in class and analysed what was good and what could have been done better in terms of editing and filming.

In the first scene when Kristian (Hugh) is kicked out of the restaurant and calls for his dog "Fanten", the pace of the cutting was too fast-paced and there is a loss of continuity, since we filmed Kristian in different positions and there wasn't a smooth transition in the movie.

Also due to the fact that Kristian changed positions and we filmed from different angles, the ambient sound changed and the microphone picked up the wind from different angles and therefore there were different diegetic sounds. Furthermore, there is an ambient sound of church bells before Kristian says dispose and the do is kicked. In this case, over-dubbing is very useful and can be used to record the audio and recreate it on the video. However, one could also record an amount of continous ambient sounds, which can then be added to the clips so that continuity is established.

In terms of shot variety, we haven't used many different shots. During the scene where Kristian is calling for Fanten, we have only filmed medium close-ups, close-ups and mid-shots.

We should have added different shots to create an effect. For example, the kicking of the dog should have been in slow-motion and should have been filmed from different positions. In addition, there could have been added a non-diegetic dramatic music, since this is a very important and sad scene in the real Tyrannosaur movie from Warp.
Moreover, the angle's didn't change either, so there wasn't any change or dramatic effect.
We could have done a black and white effect when the dog hits the ground, to add a dramatic effect and show that it has died. Also, when he kicks the dog, there are a lot of non intentional jump-cuts, which create a lack of continuity.
We should have done more coverage, meaning that we should have looked for different material. For example, we could have done an extreme close-up of an object such as the champagne glass.

In the funeral scene, the editing could have gone better, if we would have gone from the cross and book upwards instead of downwards from my (preacher) face to the book and the cross.
Also, we should have done an extreme close-up on the hand, to really emphasise on the cross and the sad times of a funeral.

However, in terms of cinematography, there is a shallow field of focus of the me (preacher), which in this case works well, because there is nothing important in the background in terms of context. The entire focus is on the funeral.

When the camera pans to the right, to look at all the characters, one character is looking into the camera. In this case, there should have been more directing to tell her that she shouldn't look into the camera. It is important to always give clear and precise direction and instruction of how the director wants the actors to look and act.

Furthermore, the funeral scene was edited, so that it kept returning to the master shot to create continuity. This is good editing, because if you don't do it, you will get unintentional jump cuts, that will create a lack of continuity.

In terms of cinematography there is shaky footage. At some points, it is appropriate with shaky footage such as a chasing scene. However, in the case it would have been better with a tripod, since the goal is to make the film realistic and shaky footage makes it unrealistic.

The second last shot of the funeral scene of Kristian is an extreme-close-up , which is very useful because it is supposed to show emotion.

At the beginning of the music shop scene, we could have done crosscutting between Adel and the door handle opening. This would have been useful to show Adel's exact reactions and emotions when the door handle opens. It would have been useful to have had the very first shot of the music scene on the door handle. This would have been a useful use of foreshadowing to show the audience that it will open and something is about to happen.
The different shots and the framing of Kristian behind the music instruments created a good sense of continuity.

Analysing films and their budget

According to box office mojo, the budget for Bridget Jones Diary, was $25m. In the UK, this would be considered as a very high budget for a film. However, in the US this would be considered a mid-budget.
Films that have a budget of $100m or more, are known as tentpole films. The companies that are known as the Big 6 are the ones that are mostly known as the tentpole films.

All the Big 6 companies have used the vertical integration strategy. Meaning that they create the three steps themselves:

• Distribution
• Exhibition
• Production

For most Warp movies the age rate is at either 15 or 18. A recent Warp Film called "17" was given an age rate of 15, which is considered to be low, since the most common on is 18.
For nearly every single one of their movies, Working Title uses big american stars such as Renee Zellweger in Bridget Jones Diary (BJD). This is why they have such a large budget. For example the worldwide box office for Bridget Jones Diary was $281m. For a long time, the US revenue for UK films has been around 50%. However, for this movie, the US share of it's revenue was 25%.

The markets in every single country keep changing. The chinese market is likely to become the largest market because of the increase in the population. All the ROM-COMS, that are often produced by Working Title, are romantic so that they can appeal to a large, international female market. However they are also a comedy, so that they can appeal to a large male audience.

For Bridget Jones Diary, the UK owned $60m. There is a rule, called the Gant rule, that argues if a film would be a hit in Britain, it will make 10 times the money then it would in America. Bridget Jones Diary is an example of a movie that was a hit in Britain due to the fact that it is a British production.

The movie, Everest, was distributed in 65 different companies worldwide, because it is owned by such a large company. It totally owned $200m globally, but will probably increase as it is still screened in the cinema.

The movie called Mickybo and me was a film set in Belfast, which is in Northern Ireland. This film, produced by WT2, had a budget of £5m. However, Warp got their highest budget ever when they produced 71' with a budget of £5m. There other movies such as This is England was produced with a budget of £1.5m.
In the movie '71, the social realist genre was established by the hand-held and shacky camera footage.  There are also a lot of political aspects to it, but also a lot of violence. The movie was distributed in 10 different countries, including the UK and won many awards. However, according to Box Office Mojo, it only owned $1.6m.
The film from Warp that owned the most was This is England, which grossed $8m worldwide.  

Tyrannosir Swede

Here below you can see the screenplay, which I created for this Swede: 

Screenplay - Tyrannosir from Sophie2401

Below is the edited version of the funeral scene of our Tyrannosir Swede, which was edited by me and Bronwen Vaughan:



Here is our final cut of our Tyrannosir Swede:

British Cinema

There are 3 types of production company's:

1. Indie
2. Subsidiary 
3. Conglomerate

An independent film or indie film is a film production resulting in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system. It is not owned by anyone.

A subsidiary production company is a company who is more than 50% controlled and owned by another company, usually referred to as the parent company or conglomerate. This conglomerate holds a controlling interest in the subsidiary company. 

A conglomerate is a company that owns companies, which are called subsidiaries. 

Analysing:

You would think that Working Title is a conglomerate however it is a subsidiary, which again owns it own subsidiaries such as Working Title Australia and WT 2. A producer can be both subsidiary and conglomerate. 

Some production companies are on a very big scale and are known globally. These are known as the Big 6 and are all conglomerates. 

• Disney
• Columbia
• 20th Century Fox
• Paramount
• Warner Bros
• Universal Pictures

All of these 5 conglomerates dominate the worldwide film industry and a company such as Working Title is for example a subsidiary of NBC Universal. Some people think that it should be called the Big 7 and that Lionsgate should be part of it, due to the bis success that it has had lately.

Working title is for example a subsidiary of NBC Universal who are owned by Comcast. Besides Working Title, NBC Universal also owns Universal Pictures.
Studio Canal are originally a French company, who also have a subsidiary called Studio Canal UK also known as optimum releasing.   These 2 companies have worked on distribution and production for several Warp films.


There are 3 steps in a film cycle:

1. Production
2. Distribution
3. Exhibition 

When a conglomerate owns many small subsidiaries, which do different things such as distribution, production or exhibition, it is known as vertical integration.

Comparing Warp Films - Working Title Films

In the beginning of the film, there is a voice-over, where it says: "Once again, I found myself on my own and going to my mother's annual turkey curry buffet".

When this movie was tested on an American audience, it was very confusing, since for the Americans, turkey connotes Thanksgiving and for a British person it connotes Christmas.
However later on in the movie, there was a visual intentional humor created and the american test audience laughed at the sight of Mark's jumper and the silly, little, magical sound effect.

This laugh was necessary because American audiences had been very confused after the "turkey curry buffet".

The mise-en-scene of this small, little, stereotypical village with cottages, snow falling down and a very British dialogue immediately connotes the typical image of England. 

Moreover, there are a lot of signifiers to show that it such as the Red Phone Booth (in the background of the shot below) and the Poppy on the monument from 11th of November that is dedicated to fallen soldiers of World War One and World War Two. 

When looking at a Warp Film such as "This is England", which is a social realist genre movie and you compare it to the Working Title Bridget Jones film, you can tell that there are enormous differences between the two companies. 

Warp doesn't use this posh aspect of England, but shows a lot of the urban areas and working class, whereas Working Title enjoys to portray the typical English stereotype. These stereotypes are useful to win an audience.

The first few shots you see in "This is England" is of a small room with pinned wallpaper and an alarm clock on a chair, which indicates that there are no real furniture.

Whereas in "Bridget Jones", we see a big detached country house with a huge garden and a sculpted hedge. Through this mise-en-scene, Working Title are emphasising on the stereotypical English house.
When Bridget enters her mother's house, we see a dutch angle. This angle was chosen, because it was the only shot you could use in order for the audience to see the entire entrance of the house. The director wanted the audience to be able to see the entrance to emphasise the old fashioned and stereotypical English house.

The entire mise-en-scene of the antiques, wallpaper, decor and even the mother's flower dress, is used to underline the stereotypical English house and character, which is considered to be very posh.

Moreover, comparing Warp to Working Title, Warp movies use non-diegetic music, however there is never any singing on the soundtracks. BUT in Working Title films such as Bridget Jones, there is non-diegetic music with singing such as the song "Magic Moments" by Perry Como.

In addition to this, the voice and the accent in Working Title films such as Bridget Jones and Notting Hill is very different from the voice and characters from "Tyrannosaur" or "This is England".
In Warp films, the characters use swear words and have a lot of different accents, whereas in Working Title films, the actors all have a posh British accent and say "jolly gosh".
When Bridget is introduced to Mark, she says "Ding-Dong", which is invented film language, that fits into the stereotypical creation.

Also, when Bridget Jones was filmed, Renee Zellweger had to put on a lot of weight to look as if she was slightly overweight. In the entire film, she wants to lose weight and it is about how women should look slimmer. A film company such as Warp who uses the social realist genre in a lot of their movies such as "This is England", would never ask someone to put on weight, or make a movie about it. They would consider it to be a horrible message to send out to women.

Another significant difference between Warp and Working Title, is that every Working Title film, have never used anyone who is black in their film. If they had used an actor who was black, it would have been to create the racist stereotype of a black dumb man. However, in a movie such as "This is England", there are a lot of black people and one of the main characters Milky, is very intelligent. This is why many people like the social realist genre, since it is very realistic and doesn't try to hide anything.

In terms of Warp and Working Title on the market, there are a lot of differences in for example advertising as well. For Bridget Jones, Working Title decided to put only Renee Zellweger on all the posters that went out internationally, because everyone knows her since she is a big American actress and in the British market Hugh Grant, Colin Firth and Renee Zellweger were on the posters because the 2 men were well known to the English audience back then in 2001. Although Working Title films are known internationally, they don't win any awards. However a company like Warp has big success at film festivals such as Cannes Festivals and Venice. They also win awards, despite the fact that they don't even closely have the same budget as Working Title.